118 Elements and Their Symbols and Atomic Numbers-Class 11 Chemistry Notes

Everything in the universe is composed of basic elements, and at their smallest level, these elements are atoms.

There are a total of 118 elements in the modern periodic table out of which 98 are found in nature rest are chemically synthesized in laboratories. An atom of any element is composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons and possesses a different property from the other.

118 Elements and their Symbols and Atomic Numbers

The Tabulated view of all 118 elements and their symbols along with their atomic number, element name, atomic mass, and number of protons and neutrons is described below:

Atomic Number	Symbol	Element Name	Atomic Mass	Number of Protons	Number of Neutrons
1	H	Hydrogen	1.008	1	0
2	He	Helium	4.0026	2	2
3	Li	Lithium	6.94	3	4
4	Be	Beryllium	9.0122	4	5
5	B	Boron	10.81	5	6
6	C	Carbon	12.011	6	6
7	N	Nitrogen	14.007	7	7
8	O	Oxygen	15.999	8	8
9	F	Fluorine	18.998	9	10
10	Ne	Neon	20.180	10	10
11	Na	Sodium	22.990	11	12
12	Mg	Magnesium	24.305	12	12
13	Al	Aluminum	26.982	13	14
14	Si	Silicon	28.095	14	14
15	P	Phosphorus	30.974	15	16
16	S	Sulphur	32.06	16	16
17	Cl	Chlorine	35.45	17	18
18	Ar	Argon	39.948	18	22
19	K	Potassium	39.098	19	20
20	Ca	Calcium	40.078	20	20
21	Sc	Scandium	44.956	21	24
22	Ti	Titanium	47.867	22	26
23	V	Vanadium	50.942	23	28
24	Cr	Chromium	51.996	24	28
25	Mn	Manganese	54.938	25	30
26	Fe	Iron	55.845	26	30
27	Co	Cobalt	58.933	27	32
28	Ni	Nickle	58.693	28	31
29	Cu	Copper	63.546	29	35
30	Zn	Zinc	65.38	30	35
31	Ga	Gallium	69.723	31	39
32	Ge	Germanium	72.630	32	41
33	As	Arsenic	74.922	33	42
34	Se	Selenium	78.971	34	45
35	Br	Bromine	79.904	35	45
36	Kr	Krypton	83.798	36	48
37	Rb	Rubidium	85.468	37	48
38	Sr	Strontium	87.62	38	50
39	Y	Yttrium	88.906	39	50
40	Zr	Zirconium	91.224	40	51
41	Nb	Niobium	92.906	41	52
42	Mo	Molybdenum	95.95	42	53
43	Tc	Technetium	98	43	55
44	Ru	Ruthenium	101.07	44	57
45	Rh	Rhodium	102.9055	45	58
46	Pd	Palladium	106.42	46	60
47	Ag	Silver	107.8682	47	61
48	Cd	Cadmium	112.411	48	64
49	In	Indium	114.818	49	66
50	Sn	Tin	118.71	50	69
51	Sb	Antimony	121.76	51	71
52	Te	Tellurium	127.6	52	76
53	I	Iodine	126.9045	53	74
54	Xe	Xenon	131.293	54	77
55	Cs	Cesium	132.9055	55	78
56	Ba	Barium	137.327	56	81
57	La	Lanthanum	138.9055	57	82
58	Ce	Cerium	140.116	58	82
59	Pr	Praseodymium	140.9077	59	82
60	Nd	Neodymium	144.24	60	84
61	Pm	Promethium	145	61	84
62	Sm	Samarium	150.36	62	88
63	Eu	Europium	151.964	63	89
64	Gd	Gadolinium	157.25	64	93
65	Tb	Terbium	158.9253	65	94
66	Dy	Dysprosium	162.5	66	97
67	Ho	Holmium	164.9303	67	98
68	Er	Erbium	167.259	68	99
69	Tm	Thulium	168.9342	69	100
70	Yb	Ytterbium	173.04	70	103
71	Lu	Lutetium	174.967	71	104
72	Hf	Hafnium	178.49	72	106
73	Ta	Tantalum	180.9479	73	108
74	W	Tungsten	183.84	74	110
75	Re	Rhenium	186.207	75	111
76	Os	Osmium	190.23	76	114
77	Ir	Iridium	196.9665	77	115
78	Pt	Platinum	192.217	78	117
79	Au	Gold	195.078	79	118
80	Hg	Mercury	200.59	80	121
81	Tl	Thallium	204.3833	81	123
82	Pb	Lead	207.2	82	125
83	Bi	Bismuth	208.9804	83	126
84	Po	Polonium	209	84	125
85	At	Astatine	210	85	125
86	Rn	Radon	222	86	136
87	Fr	Francium	223	87	136
88	Ra	Radium	226	88	138
89	Ac	Actinium	227	89	138
90	Th	Thorium	232.0381	90	142
91	P	Protactinium	231.0359	91	140
92	U	Uranium	238.0289	92	146
93	Np	Neptunium	237	93	144
94	Pu	Plutonium	244	94	150
95	Am	Americium	243	95	148
96	Cm	Curium	247	96	151
97	Bk	Berkelium	247	97	150
98	Cf	Californium	251	98	153
99	Es	Einsteinium	252	99	153
100	Fm	Fermium	257	100	157
101	Md	Mendelevium	258	101	157
102	No	Nobelium	259	102	157
103	Lr	Lawrencium	262	103	159
104	Rf	Rutherfordium	261	104	163
105	Db	Dubnium	262	105	163
106	Sg	Seaborgium	266	106	165
107	Bh	Bohrium	264	107	163
108	Hs	Hassium	277	108	169
109	Mt	Meitnerium	268	109	167
110	Ds	Darmstadtium	261.9	110	171
111	Rg	Roentgenium	271.8	111	169
112	Cn	Copernicium	285	112	173
113	Nh	Nihonium	286	113	171
114	Fl	Flerovium	289	114	175
115	Mc	Moscovium	290.196	115	173
116	Lv	Livermorium	293	116	177
117	Ts	Tennessee	294	117	177
118	Og	Oganesson	294	118	176

What is a Periodic Table?

Initially, the number of elements was small, and the knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of these elements was also limited, but in the early 19th century the discovery of new elements and growth in the knowledge of physical and chemical properties of elements had become hard for the scholars to remember the behavior and properties of all the elements.

Thus a need for a systematic arrangement of elements was there, where the elements are stacked based on their properties, physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, and chemical properties such as electronegativity, valence electron, etc and thereafter the periodic table was introduced.

A periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements in the increasing order of the atomic number which is the number of protons in their nucleus. The arrangement of the elements thus formed shows a recurring pattern in their properties known as “periodic laws”.

118 Elements in Periodic Table

Following illustration represents all 118 elements in periodic table:

Atomic Number

The nucleus of each element consists of a different number of protons and neutrons, the number of protons in each nucleus of each element is found to be unique, so it became the base for arranging the elements in increasing order of their nucleus protons. Number of protons in the nucleus also determines the electronegativity and other factors of the elements.

The number of protons in the nucleus of each element is unique and it is referred as Atomic Number. It is the fundamental property of any element and is denoted by the symbol “Z”.

The elements in the periodic table are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic number, for example, H (Hydrogen) has atomic number 1, He (Helium) has atomic number 2, and so on.

Mass Number

The individual mass of an atom of an element is very minute and also difficult to measure. The mass of an electron is approximately 9.10938356 × 10^-28 g, the mass of the proton is 1.6726219 × 10^-24 g and the mass of neutron is 1.675 × 10^-24 g. Since the mass of an atom is merely and remembering the exact mass was a tough job, so the mass number was introduced which is the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

The Mass Number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. It is represented by the letter A. The mass number of an atom of an element gives an approximate measure of the total mass of the atom. It is expressed in atomic mass units (u) or unified atomic mass units (AMU).

Where 1 AMU = 1.67377 × 10 ^-24 g

Symbols Of Elements

Each element is assigned some unique symbol which is usually an English letter (or two). These symbols are used universally to represent and uniquely identify that particular element and are also used for scientific purposes to represents elements in a clean and concise manner. Thus we can say that,

Symbols of element are shorthand to uniquely identify and represent that element.

The symbols of the elements are widely used to represent the elements in chemical formulas, equations, and other representations of chemical reactions.

How Symbols are Derived?

The symbols of elements are derived from the name of the element in English or another language eg. the symbol of Hydrogen is H, that comes from its name in English. It is important to note that the symbol of an element is usually a capital letter and when it contains two letters, the second letter is smaller letter. However, in cases where the first two letters are already taken, or for historical reasons, the symbol may not directly correspond to the element’s name (e.g., Fe for iron comes from its Latin word “ferrum”).

118 Elements and Their Symbols: FAQs

1: Who is the Father of the Periodic Table?

Mendeleev is often credited as the father of periodic table.

2: What is an Element?

An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom, and each element is characterized by the number of protons found in the nucleus of its atoms.

3: What is an Atom?

An atom is the basic building block of matter and it is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that is responsible for the chemical properties of that element.

4: What are Chemical Symbols and their Significance?

Chemical symbols are shorthand representations of an element. These symbols consist of one or two letters often derived from the name of the element. They have a significant role in communicating information about elements in a concise and standardized manner.

5. What has only 1 atom?

Some elements consist of only 1 atom and they are known as monoatomic. For example, Helium, and Potassium

6: What are Isotopes of Hydrogen?

Hydrogen has three isotopes namely Protium (H¹₁ ), Deuterium(H¹₂), and, Tritium(H¹₁).

7: What is the Connection between the Atomic Number and the Number of Protons?

The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in the atom of the element.

8: Which is the most Reactive Metal?

Francium(Fr) is considered the most reactive metal of all.

9: Which Metal Remains Liquid at Room Temperature?

Mercury is the only metal which remains in a liquid state at room temperature.